At various stages in the planning process, disruptions can occur. To manage these risks, many organizations incorporate safety margins. The costs associated with these margins must be carefully weighed against the impact of not being able to deliver. For instance, consider the costs incurred when a flight cannot depart due to missing cabin crew, including passenger rebooking expenses and the negative impact on customer satisfaction.
While safety margins are beneficial, they can also mask inefficiencies. It's crucial to identify and address these issues effectively.